Soal No.72 Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly entering health care and serving major roles. These include automating routine tasks in medical practice and managing medical resources. As developers create AI systems to take on these tasks, several risks and challenges emerge.

The most obvious risk is that Al systems will sometimes be wrong. This can result in patient injury or other health-care problems. An AI system possibly recommends the wrong drug for a patient or fails to notice a tumor on a radiological scan. Of course, many injuries occur due to medical error in the health-care system today, even without the involvement of AI. AI errors are potentially different for at least two reasons. First, patients and providers may react differently to injuries resulting from software than from human error. Second, if Al systems become widespread, an underlying problem in one AI system might result in injuries to thousands of patients.

Moreover, training AI systems requires large amounts of data from sources. However, health data are often problematic. Data are typically fragmented across many different systems. Even aside from the variety just mentioned, patients typically see different providers and switch insurance companies. This would lead lo data split in multiple systems and multiple formats.

Another set of risks arise around privacy. The requirement of large datasets creates incentives for developers to collect such data from many patients. Some patients may be concerned that this collection may violate their privacy. In fact, lawsuits have been filed based on data-sharing between large health systems and AI developers.

The integration of AI into the health system will undoubtedly change the role of health-care providers. A hopeful vision is that providers will be enabled to provide more-personalized and better care, freed to spend more time interacting with patients as humans. A less hopeful vision would see providers struggling to weather monsoon of uninterpretable predictions and recommendations from competing algorithms. In either case, medical education will need to prepare providers to evaluate and interpret the AI systems they will encounter in the evolving health-care environment.

How are ideas in paragraph 4 and paragraph 5 in the passage related?
A. Paragraph 4 presents the jobs of Al developers, while paragraph 5 focuses on the roles of health-care providers.
B. Paragraph 4 explicates one of the risks of AI at present, while paragraph 5 makes some future predictions.
C. Paragraph 4 details some problems regarding patients privacy over personal data, and paragraph 5 gives solutions to overcome these.
D. Paragraph 5 projects a number of consequences if the privacy violations by AI developers discussed in paragraph 4 continue.
E. Paragraph 5 explains the solution to misconducts of AI developers concealed in paragraph 4.